Science


The Historical Evidence- A Comparison of the Great Flood Accounts Worldwide

 

Obviously an exhaustive list of the worldwide flood accounts would fill an encyclopedia, but in this chapter I will recount a smattering of the accounts throughout the major cultures of our world and leave the reader to come to his own conclusions. Consider, for example, the Greek account and compare its content to the previous scientific evidence previously delineated.
  In the 8th century BC Hesiod, a Greek poet, writes of a legend, where a serpent-like creature, which is able to fly, wreaked complete havoc upon the earth. 

 

“Harshly then, he thundered, and terribly the earth re-echoed around; and the broad heaven above, and the sea and streams of ocean, in the abyss of earth.  But beneath his immortal feet vast Olympus trembled as the king uprose and earth groaned beneath, and the heat from both caught the dark colored sea both of the thunder and the lightening and fire from the monster.  The heat arising from the thunderstorm, winds and burning lightening.  And all earth and heaven and sea were boiling…..” (Hesiod)

 

Hesiod’s account of this legend depicts a volcanic upheaval of enormous magnitude and a flood whose waters were heated by the lava.  The Biblical account in Genesis states that the fountains of the deep were opened and then consequently the windows of the heavens were opened causing the rain to come down for forty days and forty nights.  This is consistent with the chronology of the events that unfold during a massive volcanic upheaval. 

 

 

 

1-The Babylonian Account of the Great Flood

 

In the Gilgamesh Epic, which we touched upon earlier, Utnapishtim (Noah) retells the story to Gilgamesh describing the events that transpired just prior to the first rain. The skies darkened to such an extent that there was almost no light and as a result, visibility was greatly reduced. This is peculiarly what happens, when the tethra that is spewed into the atmosphere blocks out the sunrays and it may be observed that at mid noon it will be pitch dark. This phenomenon was observed just recently in the island of Montserrat and in
Mt. St. Helen

              The Biblical Narrative of the Great Flood

 

As the force of the meteor strike traveled through the earth in waves of energy, it could have well caused the ocean floor in the opposite side (the Pacific ocean) to rise, causing the waters to spill over on the continents. In time the Pacific Ocean floor would once again find its former level through the centrifugal force exerted as the planet continued to spin and the waters would have then effectively been reduced from the landmasses.
Of course, all these events did not take place in a single day. The biblical narrative tells us that it took 40 days and 40 nights of a continuous torrential downpour of hurricane proportions throughout the entire earth to exhaust the water vapor canopy. But it took 150 days to stop the “fountains of the deep”. That is to say, that after the water vapor canopy was exhausted, the waters continued to rise by means of another mechanism for 110 more days, until finally reaching its zenith. The fountains of the deep could be volcanoes, since vast amounts of steam are expelled into our atmosphere during their eruptions. Or perhaps they were underground springs, which responding to the pressure wave generated from the meteor strike and the rise in core temperature created by the enormous force of the impact, would have caused any water trapped in the crust or even under the crust, to gush forth in giant geysers.
For five months the waters rose, until reaching its apex and every mountain of that time was covered over by fifteen to twenty feet of water. (Genesis 8:2 and 7:20) Imagine Noah’s family within the ark, as the storm raged. Of course, there was no air-conditioning then, and the billowing, hurricane force storm, of all storms, must have made everyone on board seasick for the duration of a month and 10 days. The heat generated by the billowing volcanoes and the raging conflagrations plus the fireworks display caused by the returning red hot, glowing ejecta of the rocks and debris sent into space by the impact of the meteor, must have been quite sensational and frightening at the beginning. Sonic booms from the exploding volcanoes and the reentering of the ejecta into the atmosphere must have filled the world with a deafening array of terrible sounds.
The intense howling winds of the mega hurricanes spawned by the enormous rise in ocean and atmospheric heat would have sent chills down the spine of the hardiest of men.  After some time the storm would have abated and the loudness of silence would have brought an eerie, still peace to the strange new world. Imagine Noah’s family peering out their window over a shoreless ocean worldwide, finally floating peacefully after enduring the world’s worst-ever, storm. At night the skies were completely dark, without a single visible star in the heavens. Even the moon would have taken a strange and eerie red glow and except for the occasional red haze of the spewing volcanoes in the distance, no night-lights could be seen. During the day the sun was a reddish hue and hardly visible. The roar of the volcanoes finally gave way to a cold deathly silence over the entire globe. The stench of rotting flesh and decaying plant matter must have been overwhelming at first. And then came the bitter cold. Cold as they had never experienced before, bitter howling winter storms and the seas churned once more.

 

The Thermohaline Ocean Conveyor Belt

 

The undisputed scientific evidence amassed in the last three decades, points to a volatile and rapidly changing planet, as the process of global warming is accelerating at a pace heretofore not dreamed of by the evolutionary scientists. The ten hottest days in recorded history have all been since 1987. 

 

“Since 1970 mean ocean surface temperatures have risen about 1 degrees Fahrenheit. Those numbers have moved in lockstep with global air temperatures, which have also moved up a degree. The warmest year ever recorded was 1998 with 2002, 2003 and 2004 close behind.” (Time Magazine, October 3, 2005, article entitled Global Warming the Culprit? By Jeffrey Kluger, pg 43)
 

The fear of global warming has brought new research and insights to our meteorological global processes and the idea that sudden catastrophic climactic changes can occur in a relatively short time is no longer disputed, even by evolutionary scientists. Through a ten-year, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, which began in 1990, scientists have discovered that ocean currents help to maintain global homeostasis by bringing warmer water to northern regions, such as the Gulf Stream, and conversely cold water to warmer regions, through the thermohaline (thermo / heat, haline / salt) process.

Space Rocks and the Continental Drift Theory

 

                                           “Thy didst divide the sea by Thy strength…” Psalms 74:14

 

                                               “for in his day the earth was divided…” Genesis10: 25

 

The Fossil Evidence Proposed as Man’s Evolution

(The Roof of the House of Cards)

 

In considering the fossil evidence for evolution,  evolutionists, are faced with their most daunting obstacle. I am speaking of the appalling lack of intermediate fossils to link species together in a uniform and smooth progression. Here and there they find a seeming candidate, which they shove between two species, but if evolution is the gradual almost imperceptible change they tell us it is, then we should have just as many intermediates as we have samples of the resulting species. No such thing exists and this is especially so in regards to the supposed evolution of man.
 Soon after Darwin’s theory became popularized by Huxley, anthropologists began the search for mans’ ancestry in the fossils. The search to find the link to our supposed ancestral apes became the search for the ‘missing link’.
Fueled by the zeal to find the corroborating evidence for this new theory, anthropologists went searching for the fossils that would prove evolution with an undaunted optimism, and with the certain assurance that soon the evidence would be so overwhelming that it would forever shatter the scientific plausibility of special creation. But after all these years of searching evolutionists are hard pressed to create a consistent lineage that shows this supposed evolution of man.
Instead we find the existence of the physical attributes that earmark homo sapiens appearing abruptly in the fossil record with no intermediate development of these characteristics to evidence their supposed evolution. Even the evolutionists readily admit this cunundrum:

 

“Out of nowhere, our sharp chin, weak brow, and high forehead appear in the fossil record. These particular features are utterly unpredictable on the basis of what preceded them.” (The New Evolutionary Timetable, by Steven M. Stanley, Basic Books, Inc. New York, 1981, pg.151) (Emphasis mine)

 

Man appears abruptly in the fossil record and all consecutive attempts to create an ancestral lineage have been eventually discredited and overturned as new fossil evidence has risen to the surface.

 


1- Carbon 14 Dating Method

 

      The Carbon 14 method depends on the fact that living organisms contain a constant amount of radioactive carbon while they are living. When the organism dies then the Carbon 14 isotope begins to break down and decay.
      The cosmic radiation from the sun causes the C12 atom to become a C14 atom. As long as the creature is exchanging with the atmosphere, the ratio in the living organism maintains the ratio that is found in the atmosphere. Once the creature dies and no longer exchanges with the atmosphere, then that ratio begins to diminish as the isotope decays. Since all living organisms are exposed to the supposedly constant rate of this isotope during their lifetime, and since the half life of the isotope is 5,730 years, then by measuring the amount present a period of time after their demise allows us to determine their time of death.
      There are, however, some problems with their initial assumption. Their entire presupposition is based on the assumption that our atmosphere has always been as it is now. This is critical, because the ionization rate could conceivably vary if, for example, our Van Allen Belts were stronger, or if our atmosphere once had a water-vapor canopy around it to shield it from oncoming radiation from the sun. C-14 is caused by the radiation of the sun hitting the normal Carbon 12 atoms and ionizing them into Carbon 14.
      The bible in the book of Genesis tells us that a water vapor canopy in fact shrouded the prediluvian world, much like the planet Venus and some other planets, which we have observed. This canopy acted as a greenhouse, allowing the good radiation in, and warming the planet almost uniformly throughout its entire surface. This in turn provided the lush fauna, which could support these giant specimens so common at that time. We will refer to this later in our discussion of the flood, but for now it suffices to say that there is no way evolutionists can claim dogmatically that this ionization rate has always been the same at all time, as well as in all places around the Earth. We know that there are some areas now closer to the poles in which the protecting ozone layer around our planet has completely decayed leaving huge holes in which a much greater concentration of radiation is let through to our planet surface. Be that as it may, the accuracy of this procedure is greatly exaggerated. The technical difficulty of measuring these quantities consistently when the age is greater than the half-life renders the procedure unreliable. The evolutionists claim that they can push the envelope to some 40,000 years. The actual reliable figures are closer to about 5,000 years, and can be pushed to maybe 10,000 years at best.
        Dr. Jared Diamond, the author of ‘The Third Chimpanzee’ has spent 30 years studying evolution and is a committed evolutionist. In his book, ‘Guns Germs, and Steel’ he attempts to weave all of history in an evolutionary panoramic sweep. To his credit, he objectively discusses some of Radiocarbon’s technological problems in dating:

 

The Survival of the Fittest-

 

           Although, it is true that in the wild, generally speaking, the fittest have the edge on survival, it is not always so and even then, this only allows the respective genetic components, which the animal initially possessed to be passed on, and not any acquired behavior patterns.
 For example, a monkey living close to civilization may learn to steal food from humans. Others, in more remote areas may not have that option. The more remote monkeys may die off, when food is scarce, while a possibly weaker and less able monkey may survive only due to serendipity. In either case, the genes passed on were predetermined from the birth of the animal and nothing learned during its life can be passed on.
           There is also the problem of man. Certainly, the rule in society seems to be that the lower income populations are the ones with the most offspring. This is an undeniable verity worldwide. The more supposedly ‘evolutionarily advanced’ humans, (According to their theory, the most successful within the gene pool) the more educated and economically progressive have less offspring. How then does evolution explain this?
There are great contradictions in this concept, and the thinking man must question the implications of such a presupposition. Human intelligence is stated as the grand culmination of this evolutionary quest; the process of encephalization, the crowning achievement of which is man’s cognitive powers, is touted as the inevitable result of natural selection and the survival of the fittest. But, in a selective environment it is not really clear that intelligence offers a better survival capability. That is to say, that the process of developing intelligence offers no absolute selective advantage. Once intelligence is obtained, then one can say that it has a limited advantage in this regard. In other words, if in fact the evolutionary presupposition (natural selection) is the guiding element in the evolution of life, then it must be noted that intelligence is not always the most successful quality in the survival of the fittest. It is not intelligence alone, which creates a selective advantage in that kind of system. A better term would be “cunning”, the ability to overpower and kill without remorse or guilt; this would rank high in the selective advantage list. There are great disadvantages in the process of the development of intelligence; the gestation period for organisms with a highly developed nervous system is longer and the young take considerably longer to train and become self-subsisting. In addition, the energy level that is required by the brain is such that it requires about 20 % of the energy consumed by the body when resting, clearly a disadvantage in surviving during periods of scarce food supplies.
 On the other hand, the shark, a sleek and efficient killing machine would in evolutionary terms be more progressive than man. If in fact the criterion of the evolutionary presupposition is the survival of the fittest, then the concept of morality, a natural development of intelligence in man, is quite a handicap. It would follow that evolution would move toward its most successful and simpler designs and not to the more complicated and tenuous. What selective advantage would create in man a sense of morals and self-sacrifice toward our loved ones? The concept of the survival of the fittest goes contrary to the intrinsic psyche of most humans, as we go out of our way to help the handicapped and less fortunate.
           So we see that not only does the survival of the fittest not provide any new genetic information to pass on to the offspring, but it is quite contrary to the basic nature of man.
 In short, there are no real mechanisms for the evolution of one species into another.

 

  Yet, evolutionists continue to tenaciously insist that the evidence for the evolution of the species is overwhelming. We have seen that the foundation of the ‘house of evolution’ is nothing but ‘smoke and mirrors’, and its walls are simply more of the same.
Undeterred by their illusory foundation and walls, the evolutionists try to prop up these walls with three pillars, which attempt to establish a time frame of an immense number of years in order to give evolution a plausible chance.
For evolution to take place they must have an enormous number of years so that they can gain the credibility of accomplishing the improbable by a random process in minute and almost imperceptible increments. The more years for an improbable random choice to occur, the more chance there is for the impossible to be passed on as possible. Hence, they must prop up their mechanisms with millions of years in order to give chance a chance. The problem that they face, however, is that even with these millions of years, the improbability is so high that it is an insignificant number in the terms of the improbability.

The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics-

 

  The third mechanism, which was originally proposed by evolutionists for the gradual development of one species into another, was the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Most of us have seen in the biology books, the illustrations, with the giraffes straining to reach the only leaves left on the treetop. Each successive picture showed an elongation of the neck as an evolutionary process. Modern genetic science has shown conclusively that this is an utter genetic impossibility.

 

One cannot pass on to the offspring any characteristic acquired during their lifetime, unless they are encoded within the genes. At the moment of conception the combination of parental genes presets the genetic composition, within that creature. Only that which the creature received at conception can be passed on, as it is combined with the two parental genes.

 

 That is to say, the children of Arnold Schwarzenegger will not automatically be born, with a sculpted physique. They must go through the same training to achieve the desired results. Those learned behaviors, or learned physical abilities are not magically transferred to the genes and then passed on to the offspring.
   One could say that selective pressure in a drought condition allowed those giraffes, with a longer neck to survive and therefore it may be reflected in an overall change in the genetic pool. The selective pressure then favored the phenotype of the longer neck, and this led to a change in predominance of this type of giraffe.

 

 But, the genes of the long neck had been there all along. The environment did not cause the gene to appear. All the straining in the world would not cause the length to increase and there is a limit to the length of the neck that was predetermined by the genes as far back as the primordial giraffe.

 

  It is important once again to point out that at the time of Darwin very little was known about genetics. It was roughly about the same time that Mendel published his celebrated study of the peas. He is now referred to as the father of genetics. Our technology has allowed us to travel light years from that early stage and the ‘black box’ of genetics has become increasingly clearer and the clearer our understanding of genetics, the more evidence there is that genetics does not have any role in the changing of one species into another. The prominent geneticist, R. C. Lewontin confesses that there is no known evidence of the genetics involved in their imagined process of species formation:

 

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